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3 Things to Immediately Do About Networking Routing Protocols

Published on September 13, 2022

The following article will discuss IGRP, OSPF, Distance vector algorithms, and Link state protocol. These are the most commonly used networking routing protocols. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the best known VoIP providers include xinix and Aircall. By the end of the article, you will have a clear understanding of how these protocols work. You can use this information to choose the right networking routing protocol for your needs.

IGRP

IGRP is a network routing protocol that uses a complex algorithm to determine the best path between two points. It also provides features that improve its stability. These include hold-downs, split horizons, and poison-reverse updates. In addition, IGRP supports multiple paths, which increase its bandwidth and give it redundancy.

An EIGRP-based router keeps a copy of its neighbors’ routing tables, and only sends updates to its neighbors when the routing table has changed. In contrast, earlier routing protocols required routers to send the entire routing table when a change was made. It also includes a HELLO packet, which keeps neighboring routers aware of each other. Any router that fails to send these packets is considered inoperative.

IGRP manages a routing table, and determines the shortest path to each node. This algorithm uses a set of parameters, including delay, bandwidth, reliability, load, and maximum transmission unit (MTU). It is very accurate in selecting the best approach. However, IGRP does have one major limitation, which is the maximum number of hops the protocol will allow. The maximum number of hops is fifteen. After that, the packet will be dropped.

OSPF

OSPF is a networking routing protocol that uses the multicast broadcast message protocol. The routers in a network exchange multiple broadcast messages, called hello packets, to advertise themselves to each other. Each router sends a different hello packet to every neighbor. The routers can also have numbered or unnumbered interfaces. They can also configure virtual links, which are sent in unicast. These virtual links can be configured only in areas outside the backbone. The cost of an intra-area path is added to the virtual link.

OSPF supports complex networks and backup routers, and it balances traffic load among multiple links. It works by forming adjacencies among neighboring routers. Adjacencies are formed by detecting neighboring routers and exchanging hello packets. The neighboring routers then form an adjacency and share the same routing information.

Distance vector algorithms

Distance vector algorithms simplify the routing process, which is based on hop counts. Distance vector protocols use hop count and distance as the primary metrics for routing and are used in RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP. These protocols have a long history and have been used to transmit routing tables since the ARPAnet network was created in the early 1970s.

The distance-vector system calculates the shortest path from one endpoint to another. It finds the shortest route to a destination within a certain percentage of its total cost. A network with stable distance-vectors can produce accurate costs. This is because every update report will reflect the current state of the network.

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Link state protocol

Link state protocol is a networking protocol that uses a shared memory. Each node copies a copy of the latest link-state message to all nodes in its network. If a link fails, a link-state message is re-computed. This process prevents a network from being overloaded by too much data.

Link-state routing protocols are based on the principle of shortest-path computing. Instead of relying on periodic route updates, link-state routing protocols exchange routing information based on neighbor adjacencies. They also communicate changes to their state using an event-generated Link State Update.

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Link State protocols have several benefits. First, they work faster. However, when changes occur in the topology of the network, they are not immediately notified to all routers. This means that routers connected by fast links receive the changes sooner than those connected via slow links.

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RIP

RIP is a networking routing protocol that tells routers about other networks by sending out a single, standardized packet. This information is flooded across all routers, ensuring that every router has a routing table containing all known destinations. RIP works by initializing a routing table with information about the local networks and then periodically advertising the routing table contents to all RIP-enabled routers. When a router receives an advertisement, it places the routes in its routing table and uses them to forward packets.

RIP uses encryption to prevent attacks. Authentication occurs on the interface only if the key chain is properly configured. Cisco routers support message digest algorithm 5 (MD5) authentication as well as plain-text authentication. Although this method is not very secure, it can be used to exclude misconfigured hosts from routing.